• No, there is no kaffarah for missing fasts because of travelling; it is only wajib upon them to do the qaza after the month of Ramadhan. Remember that travelling is not haram in Ramadhan and so there is no question of kaffarah.

A frequent traveler is defined as one of the following scenarios, where their:

• work itself is travelling (e.g. driver, pilot)
• work involves regular travel (e.g. salesperson, consulting)
• workplace is more than 22km from city limits of their home town

In this case, fasting & salat should be carried out in full as normal during travel.

If you are travelling back home, you may fast on the day of arrival as long as:

• You arrive back within your city limits before Zuhr time
• You have not eaten anything since Fajr time; not necessarily Fajr of your hometown, rather the Fajr time that you experienced during your travel that day.

• If you travel after the zuhr time, then that day’s fast is okay.
• Once you reach the new place which is now your new home, then you can also fast for the remaining days of Ramadhan.
• However, if you travel before the zuhr time, then your fast of that day will not be valid unless you reach the other city before it is zuhr time. But if you reach the new city after zuhr, then your fast of that day is not valid.

• If you travel before zuhr, return back to your town before zuhr, and haven’t eaten or drank anything, then your fast is valid.

• If you did not eat or drink anything while you were out of town and you return before zuhr time, then you can do the niyyat and fast on that day.

• In this case, yes the fast will be valid.

• Because you left after Zuhr time, the fast of that day will be valid
• However, your journey and the 10 consecutive days is now broken, even if you return before Fajr the next day. Therefore you will not be fasting after that day. When you are staying in a foreign city, leaving the city boundaries immediately breaks the 10 day count.

• For making up Qaza fasts, you will use the calendar of the city you’re currently present in, not the city where the fast was missed
• You would commemorate the nights of Qadr according to the calendar of the city you are present in, not your hometown calendar

• If you travel after the zuhr time, then that day’s fast is okay.
• However, if you travel before zuhr time, then your fast of that day will not be valid.

• If you travel after zuhr, then your day’s fast is valid. If you decided to stay there overnight and return the next day before zuhr, then the next day’s fast is also valid as long as you did not eat or drink anything while you were out of town since Fajr.

• If you consider their home as your home then you keep your fast. If that’s the case, it also depends when you leave/arrive. You can use the tool at the top of the page al-m.ca/travel to determine that.
• If you don’t consider it your home, then you wouldn’t keep your fast.